Earth Kingdom

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The Earth Kingdom is one of the world's nations. Spanning most of its continent as well as several subsidiary islands and outposts across the world, it is the largest sovereign state in the world and encompasses much of the eastern hemisphere. The kingdom operates under the rule of a single Earth Monarch, although the power of its rulers has historically greatly fluctuated.

Since the Hundred Year War, the Earth Kingdom has been ruled by monarchs from several major dynasties, most notably the Hou-Tings, the Beifongs, the Gladiuses, the Guis, and the reign of Earth King Xaoten Izaki. Among the kingdom’s most controversial rulers was Angelina Velkhana, whose reign became heavily condemned throughout the Earth Kingdom after she was exposed as a day bloodbender. Following her downfall, many citizens and political figures referred to her as the "Bloodwitch Queen," a title associated with her reputation for tyranny and political violence.

The Earth Kingdom is widely known for its traditional way of life, strong bureaucracy, noble customs, and immense territorial size. For much of history, it was regarded as the most powerful and influential nation in the world, as it possessed the largest military, economy, and landmass of any known state.

History

Harmony Restoration Movement (c. 100 to 101 AG)

The Harmony Restoration Movement began shortly after the Hundred Year War to remove remaining Fire Nation colonies from Earth Kingdom territory. The movement aimed to restore the kingdom’s pre-war borders and re-establish Earth Kingdom authority over occupied regions. While many supported the campaign, tensions quickly emerged in former colonial cities where Fire Nation and Earth Kingdom families had lived together for generations. Several communities resisted separation, leading to unrest and political disputes across mixed-population territories.

Territorial disputes and the formation of the United Republic (101 to 118 AG)

Following the movement, some territories returned fully to Earth Kingdom rule, while others became politically unstable or disputed. Cities such as Yu Dao remained major points of tension due to their mixed populations and economic importance. Throughout the following years, Earth Kingdom influence over former colonies weakened as local governments became increasingly autonomous.

Between 110 and 118 AG, former colonial territories gradually united under a separate administration, eventually contributing to the formation of the United Republic of Nations. The Earth Kingdom formally recognised several territorial changes, though many nobles and officials continued to dispute the legitimacy of the republic for decades afterward. The loss of these territories reduced direct Earth Kingdom control over several coastal and industrial regions.

Early 120s AG reforms and reconstruction

By the early 120s AG, the Earth Kingdom entered a period of internal restructuring and consolidation. Amomi Enren emerged as one of the leading figures of the era, overseeing reconstruction projects across provinces damaged by war, rebellion, and economic decline. Her administration focused heavily on restoring infrastructure, strengthening royal authority, and stabilising provincial governance.

During periods where Amomi was absent due to illness, General Ryuco Enren assumed temporary governing responsibilities and became one of the kingdom’s most influential military figures.

Industrial expansion and political centralisation (120 to 130 AG)

During the 120s AG, the Earth Kingdom experienced rapid industrial and political change, influenced heavily by technological developments in the United Republic of Nations. Railway systems expanded across several provinces, urban centres grew rapidly, and new industries increased the influence of Ba Sing Se over outer territories.

At the same time, many rural regions complained of growing inequality between the capital and the provinces. Political power became increasingly concentrated around the royal administration and major noble families based in Ba Sing Se and Gaoling.

Senlin Rebellion (149 AG)

In 149 AG, the Senlin Rebellion broke out under the leadership of Rias Yukimura, also known as Iguru Yukimura. The rebellion declared independence for territories of the United Republic that had come under Earth Kingdom occupation. Ko Imeq, then-chief of the Foggy Swamp Tribe, initially supported the rebellion, worsening tensions between regional powers.

Kiros Beifong-Junyi responded with military force, leading Earth Kingdom troops during the Battle of Senlin. The rebellion was ultimately crushed, Rias Yukimura was killed, and the occupied territories were brought back under Earth Kingdom control.

Alliance era and diplomatic expansion (151 AG onward)

Following the instability of the late 140s AG, Earth Kingdom leadership increasingly focused on foreign alliances and regional diplomacy. Under Kiros Beifong-Junyi, the kingdom entered several major agreements, including the Seaboard Alliance with the Water Tribe and later the Mossy Stone Alliance with leadership of the Foggy Swamp Tribe following Ko Imeq’s rule.

These agreements marked a shift away from constant territorial warfare and toward long-term political and military partnerships with neighbouring nations.

Reign of Angelina Velkhana (c. 150s to 165 AG)

Angelina Velkhana ruled the Earth Kingdom through multiple interrupted reigns during one of the most unstable periods in modern Earth Kingdom history. She first rose to power after the abdication of Kiros Beifong during the Sun Warrior war led by Mālvās M’kari Raa. During her reign, the kingdom suffered military defeats, internal rebellions, noble opposition, and territorial losses.

One of the most significant events of her rule was the signing of the Fire and Blood Accords, which forced the Earth Kingdom to surrender major territories, including Zeizhou, under heavy military pressure. Her government later faced growing resistance from nobles, military figures, and political rivals, leading to repeated removals and restorations to the throne.

Her final reign collapsed during the rebellion of Xaoten Izaki, supported by several anti-Velkhana factions across the kingdom. After being deposed for the final time, Angelina was executed at the Beifong Estate in 165 AG under the supervision of Songwen Beifong. Following her death, she became one of the most controversial monarchs in modern Earth Kingdom history, with people around the world condemning her rule as tyrannical and supporters blaming the era’s instability on the wider succession crisis and ongoing wars.

Modern monarchy

In the modern era, the Earth Kingdom monarchy has gone through repeated succession crises, civil wars, rebellions, and political restructuring. Different royal houses, including the Hou-Tings, Guis, Gladiuses, and most notably and recently, the Beifongs, have all held influence over the throne during different periods.

Now, the Yǒnghéng Era has begun under Huang Ling, the 82nd Earth Monarch. The era is widely seen as the beginning of a phase of Earth Kingdom power.